https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/haemorrhoids daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632138215149-U82E1CF38MTOB47RDSEA/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Haemorrhoids - What are the symptoms of haemorrhoids? Symptoms that can occur with haemorrhoids include bleeding, itch, anal discomfort or a lump (located around the anus or pushing out from within the anus). NB: These symptoms can also occur with other bowel conditions. It is important to have your symptoms assessed by a medical practitioner before putting them down to haemorrhoids, especially if aged over 50. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632138324810-11FJBBLTP39YAVZSH7A1/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Haemorrhoids - What causes haemorrhoids? Everyone has haemorrhoids, but they do not have symptoms and do not require treatment. Haemorrhoids produce symptoms when they become swollen and enlarged. Most commonly, this occurs due to constipation and straining at stool. Other reasons for haemorrhoids becoming swollen include obesity, pregnancy or lifting of heavy objects. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Haemorrhoids - How are haemorrhoids treated? There are several treatment options available for haemorrhoids. The best treatment depends on the size and location (internal versus external) of your haemorrhoids, as well as your symptoms. Small haemorrhoids can often be treated with lifestyle modifications. Larger haemorrhoids may require surgical treatment. Multiple surgical treatments are available and should be individualized to each patient’s circumstances. Dr Zhu has expertise in surgical and non-surgical haemorrhiod treatment. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/colon-cancer daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137429373-J6DW2RSP38GS8CNUHRXZ/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Colon Cancer - What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer? Symptoms that can occur with colorectal cancer include blood in the stools, a change in bowel habit, abdominal discomfort, anal or rectal discomfort, a lump in the anus, weakness, fatigue or unintended weight loss. Sometimes colon cancer does not produce any symptoms. A positive stool test (such as the National Bowel Cancer Screening test) or anaemia (low red blood cell count) should be looked into, as they are sometimes associated with colorectal cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137523850-CXPAKD7O7C9P3YCFZSVH/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Colon Cancer - How is colorectal cancer diagnosed? If you have symptoms or other findings that may be associated with colorectal cancer, further medical attention should be sought. Your doctor will ask about your medical history, family history and perform a physical examination. They may also perform some blood tests. A colonoscopy is the best test to detect bowel cancer. Dr Zhu performs colonoscopy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137593416-N9GYO8MOT4GC38X6KUZE/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Colon Cancer - What is the stage of a cancer? The stage of any cancer means the extent of spread of the cancer. For colorectal cancer, it relates to how deeply it grows into the bowel wall and/or if it has spread outside of the bowel. If you are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, additional tests may be recommended to determine its stage. These may include blood tests and scans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Colon Cancer - How is colorectal cancer treated? If you have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer, treatment options depend on a variety of factors. These include the type of colorectal cancer, its stage, your background health and your personal wishes. Colorectal cancer treatment is often undertaken with a team of medical professionals. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic therapy (such as chemotherapy) or a combination of these. Your treatment will be personalized to your circumstances. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Dr Zhu has advanced training in surgery for colorectal cancer. A diagnosis of colon cancer can be stressful. Dr Zhu is part of the multi-disciplinary colorectal cancer treatment team at South East Sydney Local Health District. Dr Zhu can guide you through your treatment journey with care and compassion. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/ulcerative-colitis daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Ulcerative Colitis - What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis? Common symptoms include a change in bowel habit (often diarrhoea), blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort and unintentional weight loss. There may be a history in the family of inflammatory bowel disease or other autoimmune conditions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713444103-3HKYR4RXT8FRZ3SYV1DT/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Ulcerative Colitis - How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed? The best way to diagnose ulcerative colitis is to look in the gastrointestinal tract with a camera, known as a colonoscopy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Ulcerative Colitis - How is ulcerative colitis treated? The treatment of ulcerative colitis often involves a combination of medication and surgery. The initial treatment is often with medication, which can help with symptoms and heal the inflammation. This medication is administered under the care of a gastroenterologist. In some instances, surgery may be required. Whether and what type of surgery is recommended must be personalized to each patient. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in surgery for ulcerative colitis. Dr Zhu also performs colonoscopy to diagnose ulcerative colitis. Dr Zhu works closely with gastroenterologists to achieve optimal results for her patients. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/common-surgical-procedures daily 0.75 2021-11-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Procedures https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/diverticular-disease-diverticulitis daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632136782982-L6RRO43HYTM7O2WFN6TI/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis - What causes diverticular disease? Diverticular disease is thought to be cause by a diet that is low in fiber. This results in a harder stool consistency, which puts pressure on the bowel wall. This higher pressure produces the outpouchings. In some instances, diverticular disease can occur with a family or ethnic predisposition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632136913251-8NC7HH1Z8ZUVEEFKUZEA/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis - What is diverticulitis? In some instances, infection can occur from diverticular disease. This is diverticulitis. The severity of diverticulitis can range from mild to severe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632136984347-07URO1O1QCRY2A00LHEC/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis - What other conditions can occur with diverticular disease? Other conditions that can occur from diverticular disease include: · Bleeding from the bowel · Stricture – a fixed narrowing of the bowel · Fistula – an abnormal communication between diverticular disease and another organ These are all uncommon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137111098-9YJDMUCECJBL64648I1J/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis - How is diverticular disease diagnosed? Most commonly, diverticular disease is diagnosed when a person undergoes a colonoscopy. Diverticular disease can sometimes be seen on a CT scan of the abdomen. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%2B%2528279%2529.jpg Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis - How is diverticular disease treated? Patients with diverticular disease, but without any symptoms from it, do not require any treatment. A high fibre diet is recommended to prevent the formation of new diverticulae. Patients who develop symptoms from diverticular disease, such as those described above, may require treatment, including surgery. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of diverticular disease. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/polyps daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Polyps - What are the symptoms of a polyp? Polyps often cause no symptoms. Some symptoms that may occur include a change in bowel habit, abdominal discomfort or blood in the stool. A positive stool test (such as the National Bowel Cancer Screening test) or unexplained anaemia (low red blood cell count) may be a sign of a polyp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632719823008-RR2YM8ZOVWYM402PIDVM/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Polyps - Why are polyps significant? Most polyps are benign, meaning they are harmless. However, if they are not looked for or not treated, they can sometimes become malignant (which means cancer). For this reason, it is important to try to find and treat polyps when they are at the benign stage. Some people have a higher risk of having polyps due to their family history or a personal history of previous polyps. Dr Zhu can determine your risk during your personalized consultation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632719863589-P4NIBZWBRZPANE1AIA2G/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Polyps - How are polyps diagnosed? Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract are best found by looking with a camera via procedures called gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Dr Zhu performs both of these procedures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%25252B%25252528279%25252529.jpg Polyps - How are polyps treated? Most polyps can be removed at the time of endoscopy (gastroscopy or colonoscopy) using specialised devices. Dr Zhu performs this advanced endoscopy technique. Any polyps removed are examined microscopically by a specialist pathologist to determine their exact nature. There are some instances where a polyp is too large to be removed by conventional endoscopy. Dr Zhu will personalize your treatment in this circumstance. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/gallstones daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632139182864-HAG7LOGGF7SK3CIW81V2/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Gallstones - What are the symptoms of gallstones? Many people with gallstones have no symptoms. The most common symptom of gallstones is pain (usually in the upper part of the abdomen). This tends to occur after meals (especially fatty meals). The size and/or number of gallstones a person has does not necessarily correlate with how many symptoms they experience (if any). Sometimes, gallstones may fall out of the gallbladder into the tube (or duct) joining the gallbladder to the liver, small bowel and pancreas (known as the bile duct). Alternatively, gallstones can form directly within this duct. Gallstones within the bile duct can cause inflammation of the pancreas (known as pancreatitis), or a blockage and infection in the bile duct (known as cholangitis). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632139254520-HGA498QU4RHST41UUK7W/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Gallstones - How are gallstones diagnosed? An abdominal ultrasound will be able to see gallstones in most instances. Sometimes, blood tests may also be useful. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Gallstones - How are gallstones treated? Gallstones that are located within the gallbladder and causing symptoms are treated by removal of the gallbladder. This can usually be performed with laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery. Most patients can leave hospital the next day after this procedure. Gallstones that are located in the bile duct can be removed via a specialized endoscopy procedure. After this, it is usually recommended that the gallbladder be removed to prevent gallstones falling into the bile duct again. Dr Zhu treats gallstones and performs gallbladder surgery, including laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-fistula daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632401896014-NCJJ6UZNOV21ZFWXD23R/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Fistula - What causes an anal fistula? The most common cause of an anal fistula is a previous anal abscess. Whilst most anal abscesses heal completely after appropriate treatment, up to 40% of cases may become an anal fistula. Less commonly, an anal fistula may be associated with other causes, such as bowel conditions, previous trauma or surgery in nearby areas or radiotherapy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632401964676-ECC8IEROFTJU4NNMOFGU/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Anal Fistula - What are the symptoms of an anal fistula? Common symptoms of an anal fistula include a persistent skin opening (of variable size) or fluid discharge from the site of previous anal abscess surgery, discomfort around the anus and skin irritation around the anus. Sometimes, an anal fistula may close on its own and re-open at a later time. This may produce symptoms that come and go. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632402009548-2SU6CRSTL3HRS7D98ZKY/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Fistula - How is an anal fistula diagnosed? An anal fistula is usually diagnosed on inspection and examination of the perianal area. This may require an experienced colorectal surgeon to identify. Other tests may be required, such as a 3-dimensional ultrasound of the anus and rectum, or an MRI scan. Sometimes, a minor surgical procedure may be needed to identify a fistula. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%25252B%25252528279%25252529.jpg Anal Fistula - How is an anal fistula treated? An anal fistula almost always requires surgery for cure. There is currently no medication available to cure an anal fistula. Sometimes more than one procedure is required to treat an anal fistula. Firstly, the fistula tract and whether it involves the anal sphincter needs to be clarified. Any associated infection also needs to be eliminated. This is best achieved by putting a thin piece of elastic material or suture through the fistula tract. This is known as a seton. After this, there are several possible surgical treatment options. The choice should be personalized to each patient, based on factors including the location and amount of anal sphincter involved in the fistula tract, each patient’s individual bowel function and other medical conditions (if present). It is recommended that anal fistula surgery be performed by a specialist colorectal surgeon to achieve optimal results. Dr Zhu is a specialist colorectal surgeon and has extensive experience in the treatment of anal fistula. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/gastroscopy daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Gastroscopy - Why is gastroscopy performed? Gastroscopy can be performed to investigate symptoms such as indigestion, nausea, swallowing difficulties, abdominal pain and change in bowel habit. It may show inflammation, ulcers, polyps or other growths. Tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken of any unusual findings and polyps can be removed. Testing can also be performed for conditions, such as coeliac disease or certain food intolerances, in appropriate clinical contexts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Gastroscopy - Before the gastroscopy You will need to have an empty stomach before gastroscopy. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before gastroscopy. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu will provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the gastroscopy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Gastroscopy - After the gastroscopy Gastroscopy is performed as a day procedure. It is usually performed with light sedation administered by an anaesthetist. You are usually allowed to eat and drink after the procedure. However, you should not drive, travel alone on public transport, operate machinery, sign legal documents or drink alcohol for 24 hours after the procedure. Dr Zhu will discuss the findings of your procedure with you on the day and will arrange further follow up as appropriate. Dr Zhu can determine if this procedure is appropriate for you and individualise it based on your medical profile. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/what-is-a-colorectal-surgeon daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627377744471-3AANSCQYKGITOQ97VCKY/CSSANZ.png What is a colorectal surgeon? Dr Zhu is a Member of the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ). She has advanced surgical training in the management of these conditions. Members (also known as Fellows) of the CSSANZ have been specially selected to undergo this advanced training. In addition, they have published medical research and passed intensive examinations to achieve membership (or Fellow) of CSSANZ. As such, Dr Zhu is well-versed in the treatment of conditions of the large bowel and highly trained to surgically treat these conditions as required. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627377563331-ICVNY0C0II2KO4YQALB8/RACS%2BVertical%2BUpdate.jpg What is a colorectal surgeon? Colorectal surgeons have also undergone complete training in all aspects of General Surgery. They hold Fellowship in General Surgery from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. They have extensive experience in the treatment of other general surgical conditions. These include hernias and gallbladder conditions (including gallstones). https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/rectal-prolapse daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Rectal Prolapse - What are the symptoms of a rectal prolapse? The main symptom of a rectal prolapse is a lump (the rectum) coming out of the anus. Most commonly, this occurs while passing a bowel motion. In the early stages, the size of the prolapse may be small and it may go back inside by itself. If symptoms progress, the prolapse may need to be pushed back in manually. Other symptoms that may be associated with a rectal prolapse include blood and mucus from the anus, difficulties passing a bowel motion and reduced ability to control bowel motions (faecal incontinence). Sometimes, rectal prolapse may be associated with prolapse of other pelvic organs, such as the vagina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632719659359-G6DHMQ68QRH7HIMPMCUN/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Rectal Prolapse - What causes a rectal prolapse? The exact cause of rectal prolapse is not known. It is more common with increasing age and in females. Other factors that may contribute include chronic constipation (and straining at stool), weak muscles of the pelvic floor and/or anus, weakness of the ligaments that normally hold the rectum within the body and certain nerve conditions. There may be a family history of similar conditions. Sometimes, conditions within the bowel may cause a rectal prolapse to occur. Rectal prolapse can occur in children. In children under 3 years old, rectal prolapse often improves on its own over time, with no treatment required. In older children, it may be associated with conditions that weaken the body’s tissues. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632719686925-QI14Q7U4799J8MJJJOX3/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Rectal Prolapse - How is a rectal prolapse diagnosed? Rectal prolapse is easily diagnosed by inspection of the anus if the prolapse is out at the time of examination. A colonoscopy is recommended to make sure there are no conditions within the bowel that is causing the prolapse. Other tests that may aid in diagnosis include specialized X-rays and assessment of the anal muscles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%25252B%25252528279%25252529.jpg Rectal Prolapse - How is a rectal prolapse treated? The treatment of rectal prolapse should be personalized, based on factors such as age, severity of symptoms and whether there is associated prolapse of other pelvic organs. Treatment options include diet and lifestyle modifications, exercises and surgery. It is recommended that rectal prolapse be treated by a specialist colorectal surgeon for optimal outcomes. Dr Zhu is a specialist colorectal surgeon and has extensive experience in the treatment of rectal prolapse. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/about daily 0.75 2025-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1626957796881-9C0OIZ713SUWI21Q7WRS/CSSANZ.png About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1626958044051-59E41N1HC0DP9R93Z0MT/RACS%2BVertical%2BUpdate.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627299853532-LCP30PILSIUYZCJU8TSY/GESA_Logo__sm__400x400.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627304203745-S5P1ZQYCNXEYIVFG8F9F/GSA.jpg About https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627798096078-35YD8XRNSPIWHYJK9L19/ahpra.jpeg About https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/colonoscopy daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Colonoscopy - Why is colonoscopy performed? Colonoscopy can be performed to investigate the following: symptoms such as bleeding from the anus (rectal bleeding), change in bowel habit, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss a positive stool test (known as a Faecal Occult Blood Test, FOBT), such as the National Bowel Cancer Screening test patients who have an increased risk of bowel conditions, such as a family history of certain conditions a recommendation based on previous colonoscopy findings Colonoscopy may show polyps, other growths or inflammation. Tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken of any unusual findings and polyps can be removed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Colonoscopy - Before a colonoscopy Your bowel needs to be cleared of stool before a colonoscopy. This process is not pleasant, but necessary to perform colonoscopy safely and obtain optimal views of the bowel. You will be provided with verbal and written instructions about this process before your procedure. You will need to have an empty stomach before colonoscopy, to prevent vomiting during the procedure. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before colonoscopy. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu will provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the procedure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Colonoscopy - After a colonoscopy Colonoscopy is performed as a day procedure. It is usually performed with light sedation administered by an anaesthetist. You are usually allowed to eat and drink after the procedure. However, you should not drive, travel alone on public transport, operate machinery, sign legal documents or drink alcohol for 24 hours after the procedure. You may feel minor abdominal discomfort and bloating after the procedure. This is usually due to medical gas placed into the bowel during the colonoscopy. Your body will evacuate this gas via natural measures, which will result in improvement in the bloating and discomfort. Dr Zhu will discuss the findings of your procedure with you on the day and will arrange further follow up as appropriate. Dr Zhu can determine if this procedure is appropriate for you and individualise it based on your medical profile. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/medicalpractitioners daily 0.75 2026-03-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg For Medical Practitioners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg For Medical Practitioners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg For Medical Practitioners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/3d113487-4f02-4a4f-867c-1cd4cabeab48/sss.jpg For Medical Practitioners - Online Referral Form Online Referral Form https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/faecal-incontinence daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632714028963-PSAV87O2YIX5SYM8ZV4U/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Faecal Incontinence - What causes faecal incontinence? There are many factors that may cause faecal incontinence. These include diarhhoea, constipation, muscle damage (or weakness) and nerve damage. Sometimes, faecal incontinence can be associated with other conditions, such as haemorrhoids, rectal prolapse and some bowel conditions. Sometimes, there is more than one factor causing faecal incontinence. Although faecal incontinence can occur to anyone at any age, it is more common as people get older and in females. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632714058341-TKNER9E0G2G0JY4861KH/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Faecal Incontinence - How do I find the cause of faecal incontinence? Faecal incontinence is best assessed by a specialist colorectal surgeon. It may be possible to get an idea of likely reason(s) for faecal incontinence based on your age, symptoms, past medical and surgical history and a physical examination of the abdomen and anus. Several tests are available to help find the cause of faecal incontinence. These include colonoscopy, stool tests (if diarrhoea is present), tests of the anal muscles, specialized x-rays and scans. Which test are recommended are personalized to your individual circumstances. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Faecal Incontinence - How is faecal incontinence treated? The treatment of faecal incontinence should be personalized based on the cause(s) and how many symptoms you experience. Some treatment options include medications, exercises and surgery. Dr Zhu is a specialist colorectal surgeon and has experience in the treatment of faecal incontinence. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-cancer daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632135714846-CJF7IH6XBFIZ3INBWXOX/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Anal Cancer - What are the symptoms of anal cancer? Symptoms that can occur with anal cancer include blood or mucus in the stools (or on the toilet paper), a change in bowel habit, anal or rectal discomfort or itch, a lump in the anus, or difficulty with control of bowel movements. Sometimes anal cancer does not produce any symptoms. A positive stool test (such as the National Bowel Cancer Screening test) or anaemia (low red blood cell count) should be looked into, as they are sometimes associated with anal cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632135951995-BJMGF2BIMRNOXOPCQ174/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Cancer - How is anal cancer diagnosed? If you have symptoms or other findings that may be associated with anal cancer, further medical attention should be sought. Your doctor will ask about your medical history, family history and perform a physical examination. They may also perform some blood tests. If anal cancer is suspected, review by a specialist colorectal surgeon is recommended. A colonoscopy and/or biopsy (tissue sample) is the best test to diagnose anal cancer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632136023391-2F5DTD18SAYYMXUHBQZ2/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Cancer - What is the stage of a cancer? The stage of any cancer means the extent of spread of the cancer. For anal cancer, it relates to how deeply it grows into the anal canal (or anal margin) and/or if it has spread outside of the anal canal. If you are diagnosed with anal cancer, additional tests may be recommended to determine its stage. These may include blood tests and scans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1630568301399-EKLEAI1Q8J6PI9M5NSZZ/Screenshot%2B%2528279%2529.jpg Anal Cancer - How is anal cancer treated? If you have been diagnosed with anal cancer, treatment options depend on a variety of factors. These include the type of anal cancer, its stage, your background health and your personal wishes. Anal cancer treatment is often undertaken with a team of medical professionals. It is recommended that anal cancer be treated by specialists who regularly manage this. Treatment options include radiation therapy, systemic therapy (such as chemotherapy), surgery or a combination of these. Your treatment will be personalized to your circumstances. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of anal cancer. Dr Zhu has advanced training in surgery for anal cancer and can advise if this is appropriate for you. A diagnosis of anal cancer can be stressful. Dr Zhu is part of the multi-disciplinary cancer treatment team at South East Sydney Local Health District. Dr Zhu can guide you through your treatment journey with care and compassion. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/home daily 1.0 2025-07-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1626960368844-YA06SI3RLHTBMXDIKI06/RACS%252BVertical%252BUpdate.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/6f0cbd21-db04-49f0-b2d3-bd4372ca4ccb/CSSANZ.png Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/797e4664-4756-4295-babb-3bba394716ce/GSA.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/e7528bf2-aa65-43d3-aab8-4058a07f95fd/GESA_Logo__sm__400x400.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627798096078-35YD8XRNSPIWHYJK9L19/ahpra.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/23defdf7-3ea2-4c70-a3bb-75e7bd2ec556/4DF3A35A-B31D-4C45-9BC3-1344EE8A5FAE.jpg Home Dr Zhu is a specialist colorectal and general surgeon. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of surgical conditions of the bowel, abdomen, gallbladder and hernias. Dr Zhu has fellowships from the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ) and Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS), in addition to a Masters of Colorectal Surgery. Dr Zhu provides personalised treatment to all patients, with a caring and compassionate approach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629870589912-MB2SHYH27RNG3SOFSXMM/Screenshot+%28275%29.png Home - What is a colorectal surgeon? A colorectal surgeon is an expert in the surgical and non-surgical treatment of diseases of the bowel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629870942269-AHGZB9ICFNKNT89KSJCW/Screenshot+%28276%29.png Home - For Patients Learn about common surgical conditions and procedures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1627790750133-6FH8P240F331XYA6WEEY/GSA.jpg Home - For Medical Practitioners Information for medical practitioners, including referral pathways. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/contact daily 0.75 2026-03-16 https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/hernia daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632138823761-BLLG81T5327OSOVDX1F7/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Hernia - Where do hernias occur? Common sites for hernia are in the groins or at the umbilicus (belly button). If you have had previous surgery in the abdomen, a hernia can occur at the previous surgical incision site. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632138857584-EHMS0C9TSS80O7TSVIBV/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Hernia - What are the symptoms of a hernia? The most common symptom of a hernia is a lump at the hernia site. The lump is usually soft and can often be pushed back into the abdomen, resulting in disappearance of the lump. Other possible symptoms include pain, discomfort or a pulling/dragging sensation and constipation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632138928820-BE372SM2LR1OYNG42PAD/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Hernia - What causes a hernia? If you have not had previous abdominal surgery, the most common cause for a hernia is a natural weakness at the hernia site. This weakness is not related to the size of your muscles or your level of fitness. If you have a hernia, factors that can make it bigger include obesity, constipation, chronic cough or repeated heavy lifting. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%25252B%25252528279%25252529.jpg Hernia - How is a hernia treated? Hernias usually do not get better on their own. Surgery to repair the hernia is often recommended. This will get rid of the lump and often improves other associated symptoms. Elective surgical hernia repair also prevents the risk of incarceration and strangulation (also known as a ‘trapped hernia’), which can become a surgical emergency. Hernias can be repaired with laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery or open surgery. Which option is best for you depends on the location and size of your hernia, whether you have had previous abdominal surgery and any other medical conditions you may have. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in both laparoscopic and open hernia repair. Dr Zhu can assess your hernia and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/constipation daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot+%28288%29.png Constipation - What causes constipation? Often there is no specific reason why a person experiences chronic constipation. Some factors that may contribute to constipation include eating a diet that is low in fiber, certain medications, some medical conditions and doing little to no physical activity. In some cases, a bowel blockage may produce constipation symptoms. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632712292156-4M9K7HCLRW8BF1YLSRDR/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Constipation - When to seek medical attention? If you experience an unexplained and persistent change in your bowel habits, you should seek medical attention. Additional symptoms that should prompt medical attention include blood in the stool, a change in the caliber (or width) of the stool, unintentional weight loss or a lump at the anus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632712323524-6RA190OLEYMVU50HKI9G/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Constipation - How is chronic constipation diagnosed? Some tests and procedures are used to try to find the cause of constipation. Which test and procedures are recommended should be personalized to your individual symptoms and medical history. These may include blood tests, x-rays or scans and a colonoscopy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400577655-2SNJEF5LEMDVIGG98X7R/Screenshot%25252B%25252528279%25252529.jpg Constipation - How is chronic constipation treated? The treatment of chronic constipation is individualized to your symptoms and the underlying cause of the constipation. Treatment options range from diet and lifestyle modifications, bowel cleansing techniques to surgery. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the management of constipation. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/rectal-bleeding daily 0.75 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Rectal Bleeding - What does rectal bleeding look like? You may notice blood in the stool, in the toilet bowl water or on the toilet paper. It can range in colour from bright red, to dark red (maroon) or even black. Sometimes, blood in the stool may not be visible to the naked eye. It may be identified on a stool sample test. This is called a faecal occult blood test. An example of this is the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, a government initiative currently provided to people aged 50-74. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713831660-IU8179A5KUNPCB74STQO/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Rectal Bleeding - What causes rectal bleeding? There are several possible reasons for rectal bleeding. Bleeding may come from the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract (gut) or from conditions in the anus. Conditions in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause rectal bleeding include polyps, tumours, infection, inflammation, ulcers and diverticular disease. Conditions in the anus that may cause rectal bleeding include haemorrhoids (piles), anal fissure, anal fistula, polyps and tumours. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Rectal Bleeding - How do I find the cause of my rectal bleeding? It may be possible to get an idea of the most likely reason(s) for rectal bleeding based on your age, symptoms, any family history of gastrointestinal conditions and a physical examination of the abdomen and anus. To confirm the cause, an inspection of the gastrointestinal tract is recommended. This is performed with a camera, such as a gastroscopy or colonoscopy. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the assessment and treatment of rectal bleeding. Dr Zhu performs gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-skin-tags daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632136428086-WVPI9WZ87J0R0Y75S5AT/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Skin Tags - Are anal skin tags harmful? No, anal skin tags are not harmful. However, they may cause itch, irritation or difficulties with perianal hygiene. Additionally, some may dislike the appearance of them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1630568301399-EKLEAI1Q8J6PI9M5NSZZ/Screenshot%2B%2528279%2529.jpg Anal Skin Tags - How are anal skin tags treated? Anal skin tags can be removed with electrocautery, without the need for a surgical scalpel. It can be performed as a day procedure. Dr Zhu treats anal skin tags. If there are associated haemorrhoids or an anal fissure, Dr Zhu can treat these at the same time. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-abscess daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632294340633-30SE0K1KLBV25S48TZL8/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Anal Abscess - What are the symptoms of an anal abscess? Common symptoms of an anal abscess include pain, swelling (or a lump) and redness of the skin around the anus. Sometimes, patients may also experience fevers. An abscess may self-discharge (or ‘pop’ on its own). A thick, creamy fluid may be seen if this occurs. Due to the close proximity of the anus and urinary tract, trouble starting the urinary stream or discomfort with urination may occur. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632141372545-7RXJP9QSK3PIEODDLD67/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Abscess - What causes an anal abscess? Everyone has glands within the anus. The most common cause of an anal abscess is a blockage within an anal gland. Infection occurs behind this blockage. This process can be likened to a blocked pore on the face, which produces a pimple (a type of abscess) behind it. Less commonly, an anal abscess may be associated with other bowel conditions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632141490504-K79XXVH0Z0K7HFBIK4FL/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Abscess - How is an anal abscess diagnosed? Usually, an anal abscess is diagnosed on inspection and examination of the area. Occasionally, other tests may be required, such as a 3-dimensional ultrasound of the anus and rectum, or a CT scan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1630568301399-EKLEAI1Q8J6PI9M5NSZZ/Screenshot+%28279%29.png Anal Abscess - How is an anal abscess treated? The aim of treatment is to remove the infected material. This usually requires a small operation, where an incision is made in the skin over the abscess. The infected material is then cleaned out. This usually produces rapid improvement in symptoms. This procedure can be performed as a day procedure. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of anal abscess and performs anal abscess surgery. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-fissure daily 0.75 2021-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137910906-2LE1LO8SP8ILHK6RALO4/unsplash-image-p8mdWsD6Rec.jpg Anal Fissure - What are the symptoms of an anal fissure? Symptoms of an anal fissure include anal pain or discomfort, itch and small amounts of bleeding from the anus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632137970134-3TFP5G6LEN97J3I9VPK9/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Anal Fissure - What causes an anal fissure? The most common cause of an anal fissure is constipation and passage of a hard stool. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Anal Fissure - How are anal fissures treated? There are several treatment options available for anal fissures. The first treatment usually involves prevention of constipation and a specialized cream to aid healing. Sometimes other treatments, including surgery, may be required. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/crohns-disease daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Crohn’s Disease - What are the symptoms of Crohn’s disease? Common symptoms include a change in bowel habit (often diarrhoea), blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, unintentional weight loss, mouth sores or an abscess (infection) around the anus. There may be a history in the family of inflammatory bowel disease or other autoimmune conditions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713295660-1I6UB4QXE8TV9F4EX6RD/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Crohn’s Disease - How is Crohn’s disease diagnosed? The best way to diagnose Crohn’s disease is to find it in the gastrointestinal tract. This is performed by looking in the gastrointestinal tract with a camera, such as an endoscopy or colonoscopy. Sometimes, a specialized test of the stool can be performed which may suggest a possible diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. An endoscopy or colonoscopy is recommended to confirm this diagnosis, before treatment is started. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632400300379-2HV9Y9A1BH3B9XEGCOZF/Screenshot%252B%252528279%252529.jpg Crohn’s Disease - How is Crohn’s disease treated? The treatment of Crohn’s disease often involves a combination of medication and surgery. The initial treatment is often with medication, which can help with symptoms and heal the inflammation. This medication is administered under the care of a gastroenterologist. In some instances, surgery may be required. Because Crohn’s disease can affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract in different people, the type of surgery that may be required needs to be personalized to each patient. Some examples of surgery in Crohn’s disease include bowel surgery and surgery for anal abscess or fistula. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in surgery for Crohn’s disease. Dr Zhu also performs colonoscopy and endoscopy to diagnose Crohn’s disease. Dr Zhu works closely with gastroenterologists to achieve optimal results for her patients. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/pilonidal-disease daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632713142096-GXVMP4LHUK3DV4B3O1YL/Screenshot%2B%2528288%2529.jpg Pilonidal disease - What are the symptoms of pilonidal disease? Symptoms vary from mild to severe. Some people have no symptoms. Possible symptoms include a dimple(s) in the buttock crease, skin irritation and fluid discharge from the dimple (which may be clear, cloudy or blood stained in colour). If infection (or an abscess) is present, there may be pain, a lump and redness of the skin. Pus may come out of the area. Patients may also experience fevers or feel generally ill. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1633001180617-65SRQEUQWC46YDALSD3B/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Pilonidal disease - What causes pilonidal disease and abscess? The cause of pilonidal disease is not completely understood. It is thought that hair in the buttock crease traumatizes and burrows under the skin. These hairs cause irritation and possibly an infection (or abscess). Other factors associated with pilonidal disease include obesity, reduced physical activity, a family history of pilonidal disease and thick, stiff body hair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1633001222164-9ANWM9F7HJ6L70Z3RU2E/unsplash-image-rIymmvOq3P8.jpg Pilonidal disease - How is a pilonidal disease diagnosed? Diagnosis is usually by physical examination of the buttock area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1630568301399-EKLEAI1Q8J6PI9M5NSZZ/Screenshot%2B%2528279%2529.jpg Pilonidal disease - How is pilonidal disease treated? Treatment of pilonidal disease depends on how many symptoms it is causing. Any infection or abscess needs to be treated as first priority. This may require minor surgery to drain the abscess. Keeping the area free of hair can be helpful to prevent further symptoms. This can be achieved with shaving or laser hair removal. If infections or abscesses continue to occur, additional surgical treatment may be required. There are several surgical options. The most appropriate option should be personalized to the patient and their individual pattern of pilonidal disease. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of pilonidal disease and abscess. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/common-surgical-conditions daily 0.75 2024-01-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694644871-IC85FNH781UNZSZEGHDR/Aro+Ha_0428.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1618497259178-6XJGK9GR6YAVBQL5L519/20140301_Trade-151_012-2.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1607694583486-2PQT0LQ193RL7MCB6DX4/20140228_Trade+151_0046.jpg Common Surgical Conditions https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/for-patients-1 daily 0.75 2021-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629872127758-6X9Y9GHOGE9LA583HP0U/Screenshot%2B%2528273%2529.jpg For Patients 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629872168354-5OPXPPU5SV8NZEYUNQQH/Screenshot%2B%2528270%2529.jpg For Patients 1 https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/anal-fissure-surgery daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Anal Fissure Surgery - What is botulinum toxin injection? Botulinum toxin works by stopping muscles from moving or being able to spasm. For anal fissure, botulinum toxin is injected into the anal sphincter muscle. This is performed as a day procedure, usually under general anaesthesia. The effect of botulinum toxin is temporary and will wear off in approximately 3 months. This is usually enough time for an anal fissure to heal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Anal Fissure Surgery - What is lateral internal sphincterotomy? Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) involves cutting a small segment of the internal anal sphincter. This prevents the cut segment from being able to go into spasm. LIS is performed as a day procedure, usually under general anaesthesia. LIS is highly effective in achieving healing of an anal fissure. However, the cut sphincter is permanent and any consequences of this are also permanent. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Anal Fissure Surgery - Before the procedure No specific preparation is required before anal fissure surgery. It is recommended that lifestyle modifications (that will prevent anal fissures returning) be started before surgery and continued after surgery. These include maintaining a soft stool and avoidance of straining at stool. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Anal Fissure Surgery - After the procedure It is important to continue to maintain the lifestyle modifications described in the ‘Before the procedure’ section. This will not only make your after surgery recovery more comfortable, but also prevent anal fissures from returning in the future. Good skin hygiene after bowel motions is recommended. Make sure to dry the area well using soft toilet paper or wipes. Avoid rough, scratchy toilet paper. Dry the area with a dabbing motion (not a wiping motion). Also avoid wearing underwear made from synthetic materials, as this traps unwanted moisture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632296062258-48EWO6KVN5ZSY1W67CPF/Screenshot%252B%252528281%252529.jpg Anal Fissure Surgery - Risks Anal fissure surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Possible risks associated with anal fissure surgery include: Incontinence. This is the inability to control flatus (wind) or bowel motions. This occurs because spasm (or squeezing) of the anal sphincter muscle is prevented by anal fissure surgery. For botulinum toxin, this effect is temporary. For LIS, it may be permanent. Inability to pass urine after surgery. This is common after any anal surgery and usually improves on its own within 24 hours. In some instances, a thin tube (known as a catheter) may need to be placed into the bladder to allow passage of urine. This is a temporary measure and usually removed in 24 hours. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of anal fissure and performs all the procedures described above. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/hernia-surgery daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Hernia Surgery - How is hernia repair surgery performed? In general, a hernia repair involves placing the contents protruding through the hernia back into the abdomen. The hernia defect (gap) is then closed with stitches to prevent future protrusion. A mesh may be placed to strengthen the repair. In some cases, where the gap is too big and cannot be closed with stitches, mesh may be used to bridge the gap and form a barrier to hernia protrusion. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Hernia Surgery How a hernia is repaired depends on its location, size, your age and medical history. A hernia can be repaired using keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery or traditional open surgery. In open surgery, a cut (or incision) is made over the hernia site. The size of the incision is approximately the size of the hernia. The hernia is then repaired as described above. In keyhole surgery, the size of the incisions is smaller. The surgery is performed with a thin telescopic camera (known as a laparoscope) inserted through a small incision. The operative space is inflated with harmless gas (carbon dioxide), which allows the surgeon to see what is required. Additional small incisions are made at other sites on the abdomen to allow keyhole operative instruments to be inserted into the operative space. The hernia repair is then performed with these keyhole instruments in a similar manner as described above. The benefits of keyhole surgery are smaller incisions, less pain and often faster recovery after surgery (due to the smaller incisions). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Hernia Surgery - Can my hernia be repaired with keyhole surgery? Many hernias can be repaired with keyhole surgery. However, not all hernias can (or can safely) be repaired with keyhole surgery. Some reasons why keyhole surgery may not be appropriate include: very large hernia size (especially with groin hernia) if you have had previous surgery in the abdomen (including previous hernia surgery) if you are on blood thinning medication advanced age https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Hernia Surgery - Before the procedure No specific preparation is required before hernia surgery. However, things you can do to make the surgery more successful include: Lose excess weight. This will reduce pressure on the hernia repair and improve long term success. Stop smoking for at least 4 weeks. This is recommended because smoking prevents wound healing. Hernia surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia. You will need to have an empty stomach before any surgery, to prevent vomiting during the procedure. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before the surgery. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu can provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the procedure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Hernia Surgery - After the procedure Most patients are able to go home 1 day after a hernia repair. In some cases, hernia repair can be performed as a day procedure (i.e. go home the same day). Following surgery for a very large hernia, it may take a few days for a patient to feel comfortable to go home. Some discomfort is to be expected after hernia surgery. How much and how long this lasts depends on the size of your hernia and your personal pain sensitivity. For most people, discomfort should be minimal after 1-2 weeks. You will be provided with painkillers upon hospital discharge. Some painkillers can cause constipation. As such, you will also be provided with stool softeners to prevent constipation. To encourage optimal results, it is recommended that patients do not drive for 2 weeks and do not perform any heavy lifting (i.e. nothing more than 5kg) or strenuous exercise for 6 weeks following hernia surgery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295106668-38ZQYM309ORGORPV4XEC/Screenshot+%28281%29.png Hernia Surgery - Risks Hernia surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Blood clots. These may develop because you are under anaesthesia and do not move during the surgery time. Preventative anti-clotting medication may be administered during your hospital stay. Possible risks associated with hernia surgery include: Seroma (a collection of body fluid in the space where the hernia contents used to be). This usually improves on its own. Pain. Chronic pain may occur after groin hernia surgery. All people have nerves in the groin hernia area. Sometimes, irritation or damage to these nerves can cause chronic pain in the groin. Injury to the blood vessels and other structures to the testes. These structures lie in the area of a groin hernia. This is applicable to males undergoing groin hernia surgery Injury to abdominal organs. Abdominal organs that protrude through a hernia are at risk of injury when the hernia is operated on. They are also at risk with certain types of keyhole hernia surgery. Inability to pass urine after surgery. This is common after groin hernia surgery and usually improves on its own within 24 hours. In some instances, a thin tube (known as a catheter) may need to be placed into the bladder to allow passage of urine. This is a temporary measure and usually removed in 24 hours. Recurrence (i.e. the hernia coming back) Dr Zhu has extensive experience in hernia surgery, including keyhole hernia surgery. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/haemorrhoid-surgery daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Haemorrhoid Surgery - What is rubber band ligation? Rubber band ligation (RBL) is a treatment for small to medium-sized internal haemorrhoids. The rubber band is placed using a specialized device to the base of the haemorrhoid. This stops blood from flowing into the haemorrhoid and results in the haemorrhoid shrinking away over the following 1-2 weeks. RBL is performed as a day procedure. It is usually performed under a light sedation for patient comfort. RBL is generally painless as the rubber bands are placed in a location where there are no pain nerves. However, the presence of the rubber bands in the anus may produce a sensation of fullness or a sensation of the need to pass a bowel motion. This sensation is most noticeable in the first few days after the procedure. This will get better over 24-48 hours. It is important not to strain if you feel this sensation, as this may dislodge the rubber bands and prevent them from working. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Haemorrhoid Surgery - What is haemorrhoid artery ligation & recto-anal repair (HAL-RAR)? HAL-RAR is an operation for medium to large-sized internal haemorrhoids. It may also improve symptoms from external haemorrhoids. HAL-RAR is a relatively new operation designed to treat haemorrhoids without the need to cut them out. A specialized ultrasound device is used to find the exact location of the blood vessels going to the haemorrhoids. A stitch is tied around this blood vessel, which stops blood from entering the haemorrhoid. If your haemorrhoids prolapse (meaning they protrude out of your anus), the stitch is also run from the top of the haemorrhoid to the bottom of the haemorrhoid. The top and bottom ends of the stitch are then tied together, pulling the haemorrhoid up and preventing future prolapse. Over the next few days to weeks, the haemorrhoids will get smaller and symptoms improve. The stitches used in a HAL-RAR are self-dissolving. There is no need to have them removed. HAL-RAR is performed under general anaesthesia. HAL-RAR can be performed as a day procedure. HAL-RAR is generally associated with minimal pain. Most patients can return to work in 24-48 hours. Some people experience a throbbing sensation in the anus or a sensation to open their bowels during the recovery period. This sensation is not harmful and will improve on its own. HAL-RAR has fewer potential risks than haemorrhoidectomy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Haemorrhoid Surgery - What is haemorrhoidectomy? A haemorrhoidectomy involves cutting away the haemorrhoid. It is most appropriate for large external haemorrhoids. Any associated internal haemorrhoids can also be cut away at the same time. The haemorrhoid is usually cut away with electrocautery. The main blood vessel going to the haemorrhoid is either tied off with a stitch or sealed with electrocautery. If you have many large haemorrhoids around the entire circumference of the anus, it may not be possible to cut all the haemorrhoids away. This is because if too much is cut away at one time, excessive scarring may occur which can cause difficulty with passage of bowel motions in the future. Haemorrhoidectomy is performed under general anaesthesia. Patients usually go home the next day after haemorrhoidectomy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Haemorrhoid Surgery - Before the procedure No specific preparation is required before haemorrhoid surgery. It is recommended that lifestyle modifications (that will prevent haemorrhoids returning) be started before surgery and continued after surgery. These include maintaining a soft stool, avoidance of straining at stool and limiting the time you spend on the toilet to less than 2 minutes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Haemorrhoid Surgery - After the procedure After HAL-RAR or haemorrhoidectomy, you will be provided with pain killers, antibiotics and stool softeners to go home with. It is important to continue to maintain the lifestyle modifications described in the ‘Before the procedure’ section. This will not only make your post-surgery recovery more comfortable, but also prevent haemorrhoids from returning in the future. Good skin hygiene after bowel motions is recommended. Make sure to dry the area well using soft toilet paper or wipes. Avoid rough, scratchy toilet paper. Dry the area with a dabbing motion (not a wiping motion). Also avoid wearing underwear made from synthetic materials, as this traps unwanted moisture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632297824828-EU7TLUZE6Q4W02MXESCJ/Screenshot%252B%252528281%252529.jpg Haemorrhoid Surgery - Risks Haemorrhoid surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Blood clots. These may develop because you are under anaesthesia and do not move during the surgery time. Preventative anti-clotting medication may be administered during your hospital stay. Possible risks associated with haemorrhoid surgery include: Anal stenosis. This is a permanent narrowing of the anus, which causes difficulty with passage of bowel motions. This is a potential risk of haemorrhoidectomy only. Anal sphincter injury. This is a potential risk of haemorrhoidectomy only. Inability to pass urine after surgery. This is common after haemorrhoid surgery and usually improves on its own within 24 hours. In some instances, a thin tube (known as a catheter) may need to be placed into the bladder to allow passage of urine. This is a temporary measure and usually removed in 24 hours. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in the treatment of haemorrhoids and performs all the procedures described above. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/gallstone-surgery daily 0.75 2021-09-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Gallstone Surgery - How is gallstone surgery (cholecystectomy) performed? Cholecystectomy can usually be performed with keyhole surgery. This is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is performed with a thin telescopic camera (known as a laparoscope) inserted through a small incision (usually at the belly button). The abdominal cavity is inflated with harmless gas (carbon dioxide), which allows the surgeon to see what is required. Additional small incisions are made at other sites on the abdomen to allow keyhole operative instruments to be inserted into the operative space. The gallbladder is removed from its usual location under the liver. A specialized x-ray is often performed of the bile ducts (tubes connecting the gallbladder to the liver, bowel and pancreas) to look for any gallstones that may be located in them. The gallbladder is then placed in a surgical bag and removed via the belly button incision. All incisions are then closed with stitches. If keyhole surgery cannot be performed safely (for any reason), then the gallbladder can be removed via a larger incision. This is called open cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is highly effective for improving symptoms from gallstones. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Gallstone Surgery - Before the procedure No specific preparation is required before gallstone surgery. However, things you can do to make the surgery more successful include: Stop smoking for at least 4 weeks before surgery. This is recommended because smoking prevents wound healing. Gallstone surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. You will need to have an empty stomach before any surgery, to prevent vomiting during the procedure. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before the surgery. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu can provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the procedure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/659150d8-6916-4171-9192-2f80199cad70/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Gallstone Surgery - After the procedure Most patients are able to go home one day after gallbladder surgery. Some discomfort is to be expected after any surgery. How much and how long this lasts depends on your personal pain sensitivity. For most people, discomfort should be minimal after 1-2 weeks. You will be provided with painkillers upon hospital discharge. After any keyhole surgery, patients may experience shoulder discomfort. This is due to the carbon dioxide gas used during keyhole surgery. This is not harmful and will improve over 24-48 hours. Most patients can return to (non-manual labour) work after 1 week. To encourage optimal results, it is recommended that patients do not perform any heavy lifting (i.e. nothing more than 5kg) or strenuous exercise for 4 weeks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. If you have had open cholecystectomy, your hospital stay may be longer due to the larger incision size. You should avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for at least 6 weeks. Some people experience a change in their bowel habit after removal of their gallbladder. Symptoms may include abdominal bloating or diarrhoea. This often improves by itself over a few days to weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295106668-38ZQYM309ORGORPV4XEC/Screenshot+%28281%29.png Gallstone Surgery - Risks Gallstone surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Blood clots. These may develop because you are under anaesthesia and do not move during the surgery time. Preventative anti-clotting medication may be administered during your hospital stay. Possible risks of any keyhole surgery in the abdomen include: Damage to other organs inside the abdomen Inability to complete the operation with keyhole surgery. A larger incision may be required. This is called open surgery. Possible risks associated with gallbladder surgery include: Injury to the bile duct. Injury to the blood vessels near the gallbladder. Leakage of bile into the abdominal cavity Dr Zhu has extensive experience in gallstone surgery. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/bowel-surgery daily 0.75 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Bowel Surgery - How is bowel resection surgery performed? Bowel resection is performed by releasing the bowel from its connections within the abdomen. The segment of bowel is then divided (or cut off). The remaining bowel can usually be re-joined, using either specialized medical staples or stitches. In some instances, it may be deemed unsafe to re-join the bowel or the re-joined bowel may have an increased risk of complications. In these cases, a stoma may be required. A stoma is an opening on the abdomen where the bowel is brought out onto the skin. Bowel contents are then removed from the body into a collection bag on the skin. In many instances, a stoma is temporary and can be reversed at a later date. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Bowel Surgery - Can bowel resection be performed with keyhole surgery? Bowel resection can be performed using keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery or traditional open surgery. Which modality is appropriate depends on factors, such as which segment of bowel is to be removed and your past medical history. In open surgery, an incision is made on the abdomen. The bowel resection is then performed as described above. In keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery, the size of the incisions is smaller. The surgery is performed with a thin telescopic camera (known as a laparoscope) inserted through a small incision. The abdominal cavity is inflated with harmless gas (carbon dioxide), which allows the surgeon to see what is required. Additional small incisions are made at other sites on the abdomen to allow keyhole operative instruments to be inserted into the operative space. The bowel resection is then performed with these keyhole instruments as described above. The benefits of keyhole surgery are smaller incisions, less pain and often faster recovery after surgery (due to the smaller incisions). If keyhole surgery cannot be completed safely (for any reason), then the operation will be completed with open surgery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632299324111-YTW1GYT1V9SNZG1BPSBH/Screenshot+%28284%29.png Bowel Surgery - Before the procedure Bowel preparation may be required before some bowel resection operations. This involves drinking a specialized liquid which empties your bowel of faeces. Dr Zhu will advise whether bowel preparation is required in your case. Specialised nutritional drinks consumed in the days before bowel resection surgery have been shown to improve recovery after surgery. You will be provided with instructions for this prior to surgery. Another factor that can improve with recovery after surgery is to improve your personal fitness before surgery. Any improvement in personal fitness that you can achieve before surgery is encouraged. Bowel resection is performed under general anaesthesia. You will need to have an empty stomach before any surgery, to prevent vomiting during the procedure. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before the surgery. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu can provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the procedure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Bowel Surgery - After the procedure Most patients spend between 3 to 7 days in hospital after a bowel resection. During this time, you will be monitored for factors such as recovery of bowel function, adequate pain control, ability to tolerate food, ability to walk and move comfortably, and familiarity with looking after a stoma (if required). It is important to get out of bed and move about as much as possible after surgery. It is encouraged to begin this as early as possible, ideally from the first day after surgery. This helps to recover from surgery faster and results in fewer complications. The hospital staff will assist you with this until you are comfortable. A thin tube (known as a catheter) is placed into the bladder during surgery. This is removed in the first few days after surgery. Sometimes, additional tube(s) (known as drains) are placed within the abdominal cavity. This allows abdominal fluid to be drained from the body. This is usually removed before you go home. After discharge from hospital, you will continue to recover. Each person recovers differently. You should take it easy for the next 1-2 weeks. Many people can return to their usual routines after 2 weeks. Lifting of heavy weights or strenuous activity should be avoided for 6 weeks after surgery. Your bowel function after bowel resection may differ from what it was before surgery. This is common and usually improves with time. Dr Zhu will arrange follow up with you 2 weeks after discharge from hospital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632296062258-48EWO6KVN5ZSY1W67CPF/Screenshot%25252B%25252528281%25252529.jpg Bowel Surgery - Risks Bowel resection surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Blood clots. These may develop because you are under anaesthesia and do not move during the surgery time. Preventative anti-clotting medication may be administered during your hospital stay. Possible risks of any surgery in the abdomen include: Damage to other organs inside the abdomen Ileus. This is a temporary reduction in the movement of bowel contents through the gastrointestinal tract. This can result in abdominal bloating, nausea and/or vomiting. It usually resolves on its own over time. Sometimes, a thin tube (known as a nasogastric tube) may need to be placed through the nose into the stomach to prevent vomiting and reduce the bloating. This is removed once the ileus resolves. Inability to pass urine after surgery. This is usually improves on its own within 24 hours. In some instances, a thin tube (known as a catheter) may need to be placed into the bladder to allow passage of urine. This is a temporary measure and usually removed in 24 hours. Hernia. A hernia can occur after any surgery using an incision on the abdomen. Possible risks associated with bowel resection surgery include: Anastomotic leak. This is where the re-joined bowel does not heal completely. This can range from mild to severe, and may require additional procedures or surgery to treat. Dr Zhu has extensive experience in bowel resection surgery, including keyhole surgery. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/pilonidal-surgery daily 0.75 2021-11-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/82de8f3a-1a58-46f0-99d5-807a8af35211/unsplash-image-zkrPU_1AwdU.jpg Pilonidal Surgery - Are there different types of pilonidal surgery? Yes. There are different types of pilonidal sinus surgery. Which procedure is recommended depends on factors such as the number and size of pilonidal sinus(es), previous infections and your general health. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1629623528511-1Y7II1IWKUSA948AU8FG/unsplash-image-ZeJqVTHlHaY.jpg Pilonidal Surgery - What are the different types of pilonidal surgery? The different types of pilonidal surgery include: Incision and drainage of pilonidal abscess Lay open of pilonidal sinus tract(s) Excision (cutting out) of all pilonidal sinus tissue Incision and drainage of pilonidal abscess may be required if infection is present. This will remove any pus present and resolve the abscess. It does not remove the pilonidal sinus(es). Lay open of pilonidal sinus tract(s) involves finding the paths (tracts) under the skin leading from a pilonidal sinus. The skin over these tracts is opened and the tracts are cleaned out. The opened tracts are left to heal from the ‘bottom up’ with a combination of dressings and the body’s own healing process. Excision (cutting out) of all pilonidal sinus tissue, including tracts and previous sites of abscess (infection), tends to lead to better long term outcomes. The amount of tissue removed is larger than the procedures described above. As such, a flap may be required to close the wound. A flap is adjacent healthy skin and tissue. A thin drainage tube may be left in the wound to prevent fluid build-up. This is temporary and will be removed at a later date. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632299324111-YTW1GYT1V9SNZG1BPSBH/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Pilonidal Surgery - Before the procedure The preferred time to have pilonidal sinus surgery is when there is no infection present. No specific preparation is required before pilonidal sinus surgery. However, things you can do to make the surgery more successful include: Stop smoking for at least 4 weeks. This is recommended because smoking prevents wound healing. Pilonidal sinus surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. You will need to have an empty stomach before any surgery, to prevent vomiting during the procedure. You will be advised how long to fast (not eat or drink) before the surgery. If you take medications, have allergies or other medical conditions, Dr Zhu can provide individualized advice regarding this prior to the procedure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632295900298-ZTAJDIGKMA54TJ6JUCKX/Screenshot%2B%2528284%2529.jpg Pilonidal Surgery - After the procedure Avoid excessive movement and putting pressure on the wound for the first 2 weeks. Avoid sitting upright or sleeping on your back. It is recommended to sleep and sit on your side. Limit excessive physical activities Recovery times will vary. How long the wound takes to heal depends on which procedure has been performed. Most patients can return to normal activities and/or work after 2-4 weeks. If dressings are required, healing times will be longer. Once healing is complete, it is important to keep the area clean and free of hair. This will help prevent pilonidal sinus disease from coming back. Hair removal options include: Regular shaving Laser hair removal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60efc319cb199b232eeeb6eb/1632296062258-48EWO6KVN5ZSY1W67CPF/Screenshot%25252B%25252528281%25252529.jpg Pilonidal Surgery - Risks Pilonidal sinus surgery is generally very safe. However, any operation has possible risks or complications. Possible risks associated with any surgery include: Bleeding Infection Blood clots. These may develop because you are under anaesthesia and do not move during the surgery time. Preventative anti-clotting medication may be administered during your hospital stay. Possible risks associated with pilonidal sinus surgery include: Breakdown of the wound Slow healing Scarring at the wound site Numbness around the wound Recurrence (i.e. the pilonidal sinus may come back) Dr Zhu has extensive experience in pilonidal sinus surgery and performs all the procedures described above. Dr Zhu can assess your symptoms and recommend a personalized treatment plan. https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/get-started daily 0.75 2025-05-12 https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/get-started/p/relationship-with-youothers-hsm95 monthly 0.5 2024-04-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ced8e1d5fd4c700018dd761/1560190004400-XTA0DF0S9WOZJUG994C8/Stocksy_txp824ffa5crXt000_Original_845035.jpg Get Started - Relationship with You+Others https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/get-started/p/relationship-with-others-xd8kd monthly 0.5 2024-04-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ced8e1d5fd4c700018dd761/1560189982811-KFAJF1TCUH1SXZ827UMC/Stocksy_txp824ffa5crXt000_Large_844923.jpg Get Started - Relationship with Others https://drkatherinezhu.com.au/get-started/p/relationship-with-you-744rj monthly 0.5 2024-04-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ced8e1d5fd4c700018dd761/1560189874730-3B0TSLDUHTQ93497V3L8/Stocksy_txp824ffa5crXt000_Large_844934A.jpg Get Started - Relationship with You